{"id":6955,"date":"2026-11-06T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pskimmigration.com\/?p=6955"},"modified":"2026-11-06T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T12:00:00","slug":"regle-un-an-demande-asile-erar-loi-c12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pskimmigration.com\/en-ca\/regle-un-an-demande-asile-erar-loi-c12\/","title":{"rendered":"Asylum claims made more than one year after arriving in Canada: the Bill C-12 rule and the PRRA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de la loi C-12 (sanction royale le 26 mars 2026), une partie des <strong>demandes d\u2019asile<\/strong> n\u2019est plus entendue par la Commission de l\u2019immigration et du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 (CISR). Si vous avez demand\u00e9 l\u2019asile plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s votre arriv\u00e9e au Canada, votre dossier peut \u00eatre r\u00e9orient\u00e9 vers un <strong>examen des risques avant renvoi (ERAR)<\/strong>. Selon IRCC, environ 30 000 personnes pourraient \u00eatre touch\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qui est vis\u00e9 par la r\u00e8gle d\u2019un an<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les demandes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es <strong>plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re entr\u00e9e au Canada<\/strong>, pour une entr\u00e9e apr\u00e8s le 24 juin 2020, m\u00eame si la personne est sortie puis revenue.<\/li>\n\n<li>Les personnes entr\u00e9es <strong>entre deux points d\u2019entr\u00e9e \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re terrestre avec les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong> qui ont demand\u00e9 l\u2019asile plus de 14 jours apr\u00e8s leur arriv\u00e9e.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ces r\u00e8gles s\u2019appliquent aux demandes faites <strong>depuis le 3 juin 2025<\/strong>, m\u00eame si la loi est entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les mineurs non accompagn\u00e9s font l\u2019objet de lignes directrices pour un examen individuel. L\u2019Entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs, elle, ne change pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce que \u00e7a change concr\u00e8tement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une demande jug\u00e9e irrecevable n\u2019est pas renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 la CISR : il n\u2019y a donc <strong>pas d\u2019audience devant la Section de la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/strong>. Le dossier est transmis \u00e0 l\u2019Agence des services frontaliers du Canada (ASFC), qui g\u00e8re les \u00e9tapes de renvoi. La protection reste possible par l\u2019<strong>ERAR<\/strong>, qui \u00e9value le risque de pers\u00e9cution, de torture ou de traitements cruels en cas de retour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La lettre d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale : ne la laissez pas sans r\u00e9ponse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avant de rendre une d\u00e9cision, IRCC envoie souvent une <strong>lettre d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale<\/strong>. Elle explique la pr\u00e9occupation et vous invite \u00e0 fournir des preuves. Ce n\u2019est pas encore une d\u00e9cision finale. Le d\u00e9lai pour r\u00e9pondre est fixe et court (souvent de quelques jours \u00e0 quelques semaines) : sans r\u00e9ponse, IRCC peut d\u00e9cider sans votre version des faits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les preuves utiles peuvent porter sur votre date d\u2019entr\u00e9e r\u00e9elle, vos sorties du Canada, ou une exception qui pourrait s\u2019appliquer \u00e0 votre cas. Chaque situation est diff\u00e9rente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019ERAR : une protection, mais des d\u00e9lais tr\u00e8s courts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019ASFC doit vous indiquer si et comment pr\u00e9senter une demande d\u2019ERAR. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, la demande doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans les 15 jours suivant l\u2019avis : v\u00e9rifiez la date exacte indiqu\u00e9e sur votre document.<\/li>\n\n<li>L\u2019ERAR se fait surtout sur dossier \u00e9crit. Votre r\u00e9cit, vos preuves et la documentation sur votre pays doivent \u00eatre solides d\u00e8s le d\u00e9p\u00f4t.<\/li>\n\n<li>En cas de d\u00e9cision n\u00e9gative, un contr\u00f4le judiciaire devant la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale peut \u00eatre possible, dans des d\u00e9lais stricts. Un avocat est alors n\u00e9cessaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les cons\u00e9quences pour les demandeurs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La perte de l\u2019audience, o\u00f9 vous auriez pu expliquer votre histoire de vive voix.<\/li>\n\n<li>Un risque de renvoi plus rapide si les d\u00e9lais ne sont pas respect\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n<li>Des d\u00e9marches qui reposent sur la qualit\u00e9 du dossier \u00e9crit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Que faire maintenant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rassemblez les preuves de votre date d\u2019entr\u00e9e et de vos d\u00e9placements.<\/li>\n\n<li>Si vous recevez une lettre d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, notez la date limite et faites-vous accompagner imm\u00e9diatement.<\/li>\n\n<li>Si l\u2019on vous remet un avis d\u2019ERAR, d\u00e9posez dans le d\u00e9lai indiqu\u00e9, avec un r\u00e9cit coh\u00e9rent et des preuves sur votre pays.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ne quittez pas le Canada sans avoir v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 les cons\u00e9quences pour votre dossier.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lisez aussi <a href=\"https:\/\/pskimmigration.com\/demande-asile-changements-3-novembre-2026\/\">ce qui change pour les demandes d\u2019asile le 3 novembre 2026<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/pskimmigration.com\/consultant-reglemente-cric-ou-avocat-en-immigration-lequel-choisir\/\">Consultant r\u00e9glement\u00e9 ou avocat : lequel choisir ?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ma demande d\u2019asile a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s mon arriv\u00e9e. Ai-je encore une chance ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Votre demande ne sera en principe pas entendue par la CISR, mais vous pouvez demander une protection par l\u2019examen des risques avant renvoi (ERAR). Une exception peut aussi s\u2019appliquer selon votre situation : faites-la \u00e9valuer rapidement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une lettre d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est une lettre d\u2019IRCC qui explique une pr\u00e9occupation sur votre admissibilit\u00e9 et vous invite \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre avec des preuves avant la d\u00e9cision. Le d\u00e9lai est court et fixe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quel est le d\u00e9lai pour demander un ERAR ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, 15 jours apr\u00e8s l\u2019avis remis par l\u2019ASFC. V\u00e9rifiez la date exacte inscrite sur votre document et ne la d\u00e9passez pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La r\u00e8gle d\u2019un an s\u2019applique-t-elle si je suis sorti du Canada puis revenu ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oui. Le calcul part de votre premi\u00e8re entr\u00e9e au Canada apr\u00e8s le 24 juin 2020, m\u00eame si vous \u00eates sorti puis revenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ma demande d\u2019asile a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s mon arriv\u00e9e. Ai-je encore une chance ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Votre demande ne sera en principe pas entendue par la CISR, mais vous pouvez demander une protection par l\u2019examen des risques avant renvoi (ERAR). 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Le calcul part de votre premi\u00e8re entr\u00e9e au Canada apr\u00e8s le 24 juin 2020, m\u00eame si vous \u00eates sorti puis revenu.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group psk-cta\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vous avez re\u00e7u une lettre d\u2019IRCC ou un avis d\u2019ERAR ? Les d\u00e9lais se comptent en jours. Notre \u00e9quipe de consultants r\u00e9glement\u00e9s, avec des avocats partenaires, prend votre dossier en charge rapidement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/portail.pskimmigration.com\/prendre-rendez-vous\">Prenez rendez-vous en ligne<\/a>, appelez-nous au <a href=\"tel:+15143348338\">514-334-8338<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/15142470125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9crivez-nous sur WhatsApp<\/a>. Le premier appel est gratuit.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/immigration-refugees-citizenship\/news\/2026\/03\/new-immigration-and-asylum-measures-from-bill-c-12-the-strengthening-canadas-immigration-system-and-borders-act-have-become-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mesures de la loi C-12 \u2013 IRCC<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/fr\/immigration-refugies-citoyennete\/services\/refugies\/protection\/recours-rejetee\/examen-risques-avant-renvoi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Examen des risques avant renvoi \u2013 IRCC<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/refdesk.ca\/blog\/ircc-asylum-claimants-ordered-leave-deportation-bill-c-12-july-27-2026-claimants-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bill C-12 ineligibility letters: practical guide \u2013 Refdesk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Information \u00e0 jour au 1er novembre 2026. Cet article donne de l\u2019information g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et ne remplace pas un avis adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 votre situation. Les r\u00e8gles d\u2019immigration changent souvent : v\u00e9rifiez toujours les sources officielles avant de d\u00e9poser une demande.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demande d\u2019asile faite plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s votre arriv\u00e9e ? Avec la loi C-12, pas d\u2019audience \u00e0 la CISR. Lettre d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, ERAR, d\u00e9lais : ce que vous devez faire.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asile"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Demande d\u2019asile apr\u00e8s un an : loi C-12 et ERAR | PSK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Demande d\u2019asile faite plus d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s votre arriv\u00e9e ? Avec la loi C-12, pas d\u2019audience \u00e0 la CISR. 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